ABSTRACT
Objective This study is to analyze the fundamental frequencies of different speech materials . Methods 60 normal subjects (22 males ,38 females) were studied .When pronouncing /a/,/i/,/u/and the short paragraphs ,the fundamental frequencies were measured using Praat software .Results The analysis of the funda‐mental frequencies for different materials indicates that /i/and /u/were the highest while /a/was the next and the paragraphs were the lowest .For males ,the fundamental frequencies from high to low were:148 .47 Hz ,146 .77 Hz ,136 .33 Hz ,and 132 .85 Hz ;for females ,they were:257 .39 Hz ,250 .52 Hz ,239 .43 Hz and 222 .16 Hz .The experimental results showed that there was no significant difference between the fundamental frequencies of vowels between the two genders but there were significant differences when pronouncing different vowels among the female subjects .Conclusion When measuring fundamental frequencies ,reading short paragraphs can be more accurate and the vowel /a/is more useful in this purpose .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of caveolin-1 in femoral nerve of diabetic patients with foot amputation. Methods Forty patients with foot amputation were assigned to 3 groups according to their duration of type 2 diabetes: group A ( ＜6 years＝, group B (6-10 years), and group C ( ＞10 years). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain and Weil's stain were used to examine the femoral nerve. Silver staining was used to observe the axons and to count the nerve fiber density. The expression of caveolin-1 in Schwann cells of femoral nerve was tested by immunohistochemisty. Results There were evident progressive pathological changes in femoral nerve in the 3 groups. The variance of nerve fiber density in the 3 groups reached statistical significance ( P＜0. 05 ＝, the nerve fiber density showed negative correlation with HbA1C( r =-0. 792, P＜0. 01 ＝ and duration ( r=-0.592, P＜0. 01 ＝. The expression of caveolin-1 in Schwann cells of femoral nerve was positive in all the 3 groups and the variance with statistical significance (P＜0. 01 ), it was negatively correlated with HbA1C (r=-0. 762, P＜0. 01 )and duration (r=-0. 532, P＜0. 01 ), and it was positively correlated with nerve fiber density (r=0. 721, P＜0.01 ), the partial correlation coefficient of caveolin-1 and HbA1Cwas-0. 505 ( P＜0. 01 ).Conclusion In patients with diabetic foot amputation, caveolin-1 may play a role in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been proved that EphB4 and HIF-1α are closely related to the oncogenesis and development of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological significances of EphB4 and HIF-1α in lung cancer and their relationship with each other.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of EphB4 and HIF-1α was detected in 54 lung cancer tissues and 10 normal lung tissues as control by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were detectable in 50.0% and 42.6% of all 54 lung cancer tissues respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05); the positive ratios and the levels of the expressions of EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were closely related to gross types, differentiations and clinical stages (P < 0.05), but not to histological classification, age, sex and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). A highly positive correlation was observed between EphB4 and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.01 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of EphB4 and HIF-1α may play an important role in the pathogenesis, progression and malignant degree of lung cancer. Detection of EphB4 and HIF-1α expression might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with lung cancer.</p>